s;/L ;+ej eof]
l6cf/;L ljw]os kfl/t ug{
lvdnfn b]jsf]6f
;+;bn] kfl/t u/]sf] ;+s|d0fsflng Gofo
;DjlGw sfg'gdf xTof oftgf j]kQf / hjh{:tL s/0fL h:tf d'2fdf d]nldnfk x'g g;Sg],
oL jfx]ssf dfdnfdf lkl8tsf] ;xdltdf clgjfo{ x'g], jnfTsf/ h:tf ljifodf xbDofb kof{Kt
ePg / cfof]un] d'2f rnfpg] ljifodf ;/sf/df x}g l;w} dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] df
lzkmfl/; ug{ kg]{ h:tf d'Vo rf/ dfdnfdf hj ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cfb]z hf/L u/of] To;
kl5 sfg'g ;+zf]wgsf] dfdnf cf/De ePsf] xf] . cf/Dedf of] cfb]zsf] k'g/fjnf]sg
To; kl5 ;+zf]wg bnx?sf] k|fyldstf jGof] . cbfntn] k'g/fjnf]sg c:jLsf/ u/] kZrft
;+zf]wgn] ult lnPsf] xf] . g]skfsf] em08} b'O{ ltxfO{sf] ;/sf/ ePsf jvt of]
dfdnfdf sfd ug{ of] klQmsf/nfO{ klg lhDd]jf/L cfO{ k/of] . ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIf
;'efif g]df8sf] ;+of]hgdf g]skfjf6 jiff{dfg k'g / of] klQmsf/, g]kfnL
sf+u|];jf6 ldg]Gb| l/hfn, /d]z n]vs / /fw]Zofd clwsf/L vl6P . Pdfn]sf tkm{jf6
;'efif cfkm} ;+of]hs eP kl5 sfg'g dGqL efg'eQm 9sfn dxfGofolwjQmf clUg v/]n
k|fljlws ?kdf sfd ul/cfPsf clwjQmf xl/ km'ofn ;lxtsf] l6d lyof] .
cf/Ded} of] klQmsf/nfO{ k|wfgdGqL s]lk
cf]nLsf ;fd' k|r08n] nu]/ lhDdf lbb} ubf{ ;fFRr} xn ug{ vf]h]sf] eP dfq sfd
ug]{ cGoyf ;do v]/ gkmfNg] d]/f] ts{ lyof] . o;sfnflu g]kfnL sf+u]|; / dw]zL
bnx?nfO{ ;d]t ljZjf;df lng kg]{ d]/f] ;'emfj lyof] . t/ k|wfgdGqL cf]nLnfO{ ;f]
s'/f dg k/]g . jxfn] eGg'ef], hgtfn] g]skfnfO{ b'O{ ltxfO{ lbg] clg xfdL
sf+u|]; u'xfg]{ < eGg] k|Zg ub}{ yKg'eof], sf+u|]; ;fd]n x'gf;fy n}grf}/,
clg lbNnL xfjL x'G5 . To;f] x'b}g eGg' eof] . d}n] s]jn ;'emfj /fv]sf] eg] w]/}
k|ltjfb ul/g . of] cjlwdf l6cf/l; dfdnf xn ug{ egL cd]l/sL /fhb't 6]Knf]Ohn] g}
cWoIftf ug]{ ul/Psf] /x]5 . ;f] j}7sdf d To; kl5 dfq} ;fd]n u/fO{PF . hxf
dfcf]jfbLsf tkm{jf6 jfif{fdfg k'g ;lxt zlQm j:g]t, clwjQmf lbgd0fL kf]v/]n,
;d]t ;fd]n x'g] u/]sf /x]5g\ .
clwjQmf xl/ km'ofn k|fljlws ?kdf g]t[Tj
ub}{ ;f/f cGt/fli6|o ;d'bfosf] ;'emfj ;+sng ug]{ To;nfO{ ;+zf]wgdf ;d]6g] k|oTg
ub}{ x'g'x'GYof] . of] k|s[of cf/De ePs} lyof], ;f]xL jvt :jL; b'tfjf;sf]
lgDtfdf jfxf ;lxtsf] 6f]ln h]g]ef l6cf/l; cWoog ug{ uof] . j}+ssdf ;xdlt ug]{
egL csf]{ hDjf] 6f]nL k7fOof] . dGqLx? g} ;fd]n x'g] ePsfn] g]kfnL ;]gfsf]
k|ltlglwTj h?/L gkg]{ egL p;nfO{ ;xefuL x'g /f]lsof] . ljjfb ;fFu'l/b} uPsf]
lyof] . t/ To;} ljr vf; u/L dfcf]jfbL nlIft 36gfdf /fhgLltdf lgnDjg ug]{ /
sd;]sd eP klg s}b r}F ug]{ eGg] cfwf/df sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug{ yfn] kl5 sfg'g o;/L
jGb}g eGg] ljjfbn] s]xL lbg /f]lsof] .
/fhgLlts ;xdltsfnflu k|fljlws ?kdf sfd ug{
kg]{ ePsfn] sfg'g dGqfnosf clwsf/Lx?;+u sfd ug]{ u/L /fw]Zofd clwsf/L / of]
klQmsf/nfO{ tf]lsof] . sl/j Ps xKtf ToxLsf] eft vfb} sfd ul/Psf] lyof] . dfdnf
6'lug] cj:yfdf g} lyof] . t/ sf]le8n] 5f]lkxfNof] . tj of] dfdnf hxfsf] txL
/Xof] . t/ o;} ljrdf klg jfn'jf6f/ j}7s j;L cfof]usf kbflwsf/L lgo'Qm ug]{
sfddf lzkmfl/; ;ldltnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ sfd eg] ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] . bf]>f]
k6s cfof]un] kbflwsf/L kfPsf] lyof] .
g]skfsf] ljjfb 5tf5'Nn eP kl5 ;+;b lj36g,
kf6L{ lj36g, dfdnf nyfln+u jg]sf] lyof] . oxL df/df l6cf/l; k/] klg o;} dfdnfdf
sfd ug]{ xl/ km'ofn eg] ;jf]{Rrsf] GofowLz lgo'Qm e};Sg'ePsf] lyof] .
@)&$ sf] lgjf{rg ljrf/df cfwfl/t lyof]
. tj g]skf jGof] . sf+u|]; em08} ;lsg] cj:yfdf k'u]/ Go'g pkl:yltsf;fy ;+;bdf
lyof] . t/ Tof] l6s]g . ;+;b lj36g / k'g:yfkgfsf >[vnf s} bf}/fg sf+u|];
dfcf]jfbLsf] ;/sf/ jGof] . l6cf/l; s} nflu eGb} jGbLhL dGqL jGg'eof] .
o;}sfnflu dGqL ePsf] eGg] s'/f 3f]if0ff ug'eof] . ptf s;}nfO{ lx/f] jgfpg of]
ljw]os kfl/t ul/Gg j? Roft]/ kmflnG5 eGg] cleJolQm cf]nLsf] cfof] . cGtt To;}
eof] . kfl/t ug]{ clGtd ljGb'df k'u]/ klg r'gfjsf sf/0f ;+;bsf] cjlw ;lsof] .
km]l/ klg Tof] ljw]os z'Godf uof] .
@)&( sf] lgjf{rg eg] ;+;b lj36g 7Ls ls
j]l7s eGg] cfwf/df ljeflht Ph]08f cfwfl/t u7jGwg jg]/ ;DkGg eof] . u7jGwgsf
cfwf/df r'gfj eP klg ;/sf/ u7g leGg tl/sfn] eof] . t/ of] u7jGwgn] l6cf/l;sf]
sfd cl3 j9fpg ;s]g . km]l/ dfcf]jfbL sf+u|];sf] u7jGwg jGof] . ;/sf/ ev{/
jg]sf] lyof] k|wfgdGqL k|r08n] Ps sfo{s|ddf ;qxhf/sf] k|;+usf] v08g ub}{ d}n]
kfFr xhf/sf] lhDdf lnG5' jfsL jfx| xhf/sf] lhDdf sf+u|]; Pdfn] n] lng k5{
eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ cfwf/ dfg]/ ;jf]{Rrdf l/6 k/of] . cj k|wfgdGqLnfO{ lu/kmtf/
u/]/ d'2f rN5 ls Sof xf] eg] hlts} x+ufdf eof] . o;} d];f] To;nfO{ ;fdfGoLs/0f
ug{sfnflu klg xtf/ u/]/} eP klg ;f]sf] ef]lnkN6 ljw]os ;+;bdf btf{ eof] . btf{
t eof] k|ltkIfnfO{ ;f]Wg] elgPsf] lyof] ;f]lwPg5 k|lts[of cfof] xfdLnfO{ yfxf
5}g .
ljifoj:t'df ks8 / lg/Gt/tfdf ;+w} k|Zg
p7g] u/of] . lzif{ g]tfx? cfkm} hfGg] x'g] c?n] sfd u/] klg gu/] klg ;f]sf] h;
klg glbg] / d'Nof+sg klg x'g g;Sg] cj:yfdf of] klQmsf/ cj dnfO{ ljbf lbgf];
l6cf/l;df sfd ulb{g eGg k|wfgdGqL ;dIf uPsf] lyof] . o;/L hfFbf ljbf x}g pN6}
cf}krfl/s / kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s lhDdfsf] kq le8fP/ k7fOof] . To; kl5 dfq} d}n]
cflwsfl/s ?kdf sfd u/]+ . sfd ug]{ ;j{blno l6ddf klg ljZjf; k}bf eof] .
cgf}krfl/s ?kdf d}n] ;+of]hg ug]{ u/L d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnf bn / ;'/Iff lgsfosf]
;d]t ;fd]nLdf cgf}krfl/s sfdx? ;DkGg eP .
;+;bdf sfg'g ;ldltdf ljw]os /xbf ;'efif
g]df8 / /d]z n]vs b'j}hgf Toxf /xg'eof] . jfxfx?s} cfu|xdf jflx/ cgf}krfl/s
j}7sx?sf dfWodjf6 ;xdlt h'6fpg] sfdsf] ;+of]hg of] klQmsf/jf6} eof] . o;} s|ddf
of] klQmsf/sf] g]t[Tjdf Ps sfo{bn klg u7g eof] . h;n] @)*) h]i7df g} bz j'b]
;xdltsf] b:tfj]h tof/ kf/L ;ldltnfO{ / lzif{ g]tfx?nfO{ lbOof] . t/ dfdnf cl3
j9]g . km]l/ k|wfgdGqLnfO{ u'gf;f] ul/of] . ;xdlt ePsf] dlxgf};Dd klg l6cf/;L
ljw]os hxfsf] txL /xg] of] s] ePsf] xf] eGbf cj d}n] g} kxn lnG5' eGg' eof] .
o;} d];f]df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] cfu|xdf :jL; ;/sf/sf] ;xlhs/0fdf ;'efif g]df8sf]
g]t[Tjdf sf]nlDjof e|d0fsf] rfhf] kfhf] ldNof] . krf; jif{sf] 4Gb, Ps s/f]8
lkl8t, kfFrnfvsf] Hofg uPsf] slDtdf 8]9nfv j]kQfsf 36gf ePsf] d'n'sdf
;+s|d0fsflng GofonfO{ ;'Nemfpg] cd]l/sf b]lv So'jf ;Ddsf] ;xdltdf ;hfo 36fpg],
kl/k'/0f / d]nldnfk ;lxt ljz]if cbfntsf] cg'ej g]kfnsfnflu sfdofjL x'g]
7flgPsf] ;f] e|d0fn] lgs} cfTdljZjf; k}bf u/of] . ljifo t cl3 j9of] t/ 6'lug]
cj:yfdf k'u]g . ;xdltsf] clGtd ljGb'df k'u]/ klg sd/]8 cf]nLn] d}n] g} x]g{ k5{
eGg yfNg'eof] . km]l/ dfdnf hxfsf] txL eof] . o;} ljrdf ;'efif g]df8sf] c;fdoLs
lgwg eof] .
cl3Nnf] jif{ ;'efif g]df8sf] g]t[Tjdf
sf]nlDjofdf l6cf/l;df sfd ug]{ k|mG6nfOg/x? eg] ;fd]n lyPgg\ . bf]>f] k6s
dxfGofoflwjQmf ;lxtsf s]xL ;lrjx? / dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf ;b:o klg ;fd]n u/L
6f]ln tof/ kfl/of] . ljz]if cbfntsf] dfq} cWoog ug]{ of] k6ssf] sf]nlDjof
e|d0f ldzg klg ;DkGg ul/of] . b]z leq}sf
s]xL kfq :jo+ k//fi6| dGqfnosf] c?lrsf jfjh'b klg ;DkGg ePsf] oxL e|d0f, of]
ljw]os 6'Uofpg] dfdnfdf sf]z]9'uf jGg k'Uof] .
dfcf]jfbL g]tf hgfb{g zdf{sf] g]t[Tjdf
uPsf] ;f] 6f]ln kms]{ nuQ} ;xdlt h'6fpg Ps sfo{bn jgfpg] sfd k|wfgdGqL k|r08n]
u/] . t/ ;f]sf] ef]lnkN6 gofF u7jGwgsf;fy ;/sf/ km]l/of] . k|r08 k|ltkIfL bnsf]
g]tf eP klg sfo{bnn] eg] lg/Gt/ sfd ul/ g} /xof] . k|ltkIfdf /x]sf] bnn]
l6cf/l;df c8sf] yfKg], ;xdlt x'g glbg], e}xfn] ef8g] k/Dk/f g} jlgcfPsf]
;Gbe{df dfcf]jfbLsf] kbflwsf/L j}7sdf klg ;f]xL k|;+u p7g] g} eof] . cj s] ug]{
eGg] klg k|Zg k]lrnf] jGof] . t/ k|r08sf] g]t[Tjdf olt dxTjsf] sfd x'g glbg]
kSsf, of] sfd k|ltkIfdf x'bf eP klg h; 3'd]/} eP klg pgs} yfKnf]df cfpg] klg
kSsf eGg] ts{ ul/of] . km]l/ of] ;xdlt h'6fpg] sfo{bn jgfPsf] k|r08n] g} xf]
eg] ef8g kg]{ s'g} h?/L 5}g eGg] s'/fdf ;xdlt jGof] . dfcf]jfbL ;xdt gx'bf klg
sf+u|]; Pdfn] dfq}sf] klg jx'dtn] of] ljw]os kfl/t x'g] g} x'bf of] vt/fnfO{
klg x]Ssf /fVg h?/L 5 eGg] klg :d/0f u/fO{of] . km]l/ csf]{ :yflkt tYo klg s]
xf] eg] k|r08 ;Qfdf eGbf k|ltkIfdf /x]sf jvt kxn lng cEo:t eGg] s'/f :yflkt 5 .
;+ljwfg hf/L ubf{ xf]; jf e'sDksf jvt jf sf]le8sf jvt g} lsg gxf]; of] tYo
:yflkt e};s]sf] lyof] . To;}n] k|r08n] jf dfcf]jfbLn] of] ;xdlt x'g lbg k5{
eGg] ;Nnfx :jLsfo{ ePs} sf/0f of] ;+zf]wg
ljw]os bz jif{ kl5 ;j{;Ddltn] kfl/t x'g k'u]sf] xf] eGg] s'/f Oltxf;df
bh{ x'g nfos 36gf dWos} Ps xf] .
cgf}krfl/s ?kdf of] klQmsf/n] ;+of]hg
ul//x]sf] l6dn] lkl8t jf cGt/fli6|o ;d'bfo jf /fhg}lts bn jf ;'/Iff lgsfo
;j};+u oyf]lrt ;+of]hg ul//x]sf sf/0fn] o; k6s cGt/fli6|o ;d'bfon] ;+o'Qm
lj1KtLsf dfWodjf6} ljw]ossf] ;dy{g / :jfut ug{ tof/ eP / o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf
;xof]u ug{ tof/ /x]sf] ;Gb]z klg lbPsf5g\ . cj eg] u7g ePsf] lzkmfl/; ;ldltsf]
k'0f{tf / ljZj;gLo cfof]usf] u7g u/L jfsL sfd ;DkGg ug{ ;Dj4 ;j}sf] Wofg
s]lGb|t x'g h?/L 5 .
